They look, move and even smell like the kind of furry Everglades marsh rabbit a Burmese python would love to eat. But these bunnies are robots meant to lure the giant invasive snakes out of their hiding spots.
It's the latest effort by the South Florida Water Management District to eliminate as many pythons as possible from the Everglades, where they are decimating native species with their voracious appetites. In Everglades National Park, officials said the snakes have eliminated 95% of small mammals as well as thousands of birds.
“Removing them is fairly simple. It's detection. We're having a really hard time finding them,” said Mike Kirkland, lead invasive animal biologist for the water district. “They're so well camouflaged in the field.”
The water district and University of Florida researchers deployed 120 robot rabbits this summer as an experiment. Previously, there was an effort to use live rabbits as snake lures but that became too expensive and time-consuming, Kirkland said.
The robots were simple toy rabbits, but retrofitted to emit heat, a smell and to make natural movements to appear like any other regular rabbit. “They look like a real rabbit,” Kirkland said. They are solar powered and can be switched on and off remotely. They are placed in small pens monitored by a video camera that sends out a signal when a python is nearby.
“Then I can deploy one of our many contractors to go out and remove the python,” Kirkland said.
The total cost per robot rabbit was about US$4000 (NZ$6826), financed by the water district, he added.
Pythons were not native to Florida, but had become established in the swampy, subtropical Everglades by escaping from homes or by people releasing them when they become overgrown pets. A female python could lay between 50 and 100 eggs at a time with a gestation period of 60-90 days, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
It wasn't easy to find definite estimates of the number of pythons in Florida. The US Geological Survey recently reported a ballpark number of "tens of thousands", while other official estimates ran as high as 300,000 snakes. They had few natural enemies, although there were occasional confrontations with alligators, and other predators, such as bobcats and coyotes, would eat their eggs.
Since 2000, more than 23,000 of the snakes have been removed from the wild, the wildlife commission said. The robot rabbits were the latest attempt to tackle snakes that averaged between 3 to 5 metres in length when fully grown.
"Every invasive python that is removed makes a difference for Florida's environment and its native wildlife," said Ron Bergeron, a member of the water district governing board.
Pythons could be humanely killed year-round on private lands and on lands managed by the wildlife commission across the state.
Each year the commission held a "Florida Python Challenge" that carried cash prizes for most pythons caught, the longest snake and so forth. This year, 934 people from 30 states took part in the effort in July, capturing 294 pythons with a top prize of US$10,000 (NZ$17,065) to a participant who bagged 60 of the reptiles.
It was too soon to determine how successful the robot rabbit project would be, but officials said initial results were a cause for optimism.
"This part of the project is in its infancy," Kirkland said. "We are confident, though, that this will work once we are given enough time to work out some of these details."
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